In fact, "in certain urban contexts there is a large degree of learning by contact at an early age" (Lafage, 1993:216). This urbanisation is also to be considered as a cause for French being the initial language of Gabonese younger generations. The children learn the language at home from the parents before they even get to school, therefore lessening the chances of learning any of the Gabonese native languages.
Children from a family of this kind have no choice but to acquire French as their first language.
#Google translate french to english code#
In fact, many couples of mixed ethnicity prefer French rather than Gabonese native languages as the code for better communication within the family. French being the mother tongue of younger generations) is cross-ethnic marriages. One of the reasons for this phenomenon (i.e. Idiata (2008:200 & 2009:126) has also noted that some pupils do not speak any of the Gabonese native languages at all. In fact, studies by Ntong Amvame (1984), Bouché (1998), Mbondzi (1998), Ompoussa (1998), Itembo (1999) and Mouloungui Nguimbyt (2002) have shown that pupils of various ages and grades at schools learn French more efficiently than any other Gabonese language. In Gabon, per research conducted in 2011 at the University of Western Cape : "It has been noted that French is increasingly be-coming the mother tongue and the initial language of the younger generations in urban Gabon (Pambou, 1998:147 Ndinga-Koumba-Binza, 2005a:72 & 2005b:141 Idiata, 2008:85 cf. As a result, there will be even less national language speakers in future, since the future parent generation will not be able to transmit a Cameroonian language to their children."
There is a clear change in language use from the parent generation to the generation of their children (Bitjaa Kody 2005:95). In addition 32 percent of the young between ten and seventeen years old interviewed in Yaounde did not know any national language and had French as their L1 (Bitjaa Kody 2001a). Francophone adults used French in 42 percent of the domestic communications which were studied, whereas the young (10–17 years old) used French in 70 percent of the communication. Bitjaa Kody has further found that the national languages are disappearing even in endogamic households where family members speak the same national language. In Cameroon, per research: " French usage twenty years ago and in 2004 show a loss of the LWDs, which goes along with a loss of Cameroonian languages in urban areas. In Africa, French is often spoken alongside indigenous languages, but in a number of urban areas (in particular in Central Africa and in the ports located on the Gulf of Guinea) it has become a first language, such as in the region of Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire, in the urban areas of Douala and Yaoundé in Cameroon or in Libreville, Gabon. French arrived in Africa as a colonial language these African French speakers are now a large part of the Francophonie. Africa is thus the continent with the most French speakers in the world. This includes those who speak French as a first or second language in these 34 African countries and territories (dark and light blue on the map), but it does not include French speakers living in other African countries. ( Learn how and when to remove this template message)Īfrican French ( French: français africain) is the generic name of the varieties of the French language spoken by an estimated 167 million people in Africa in 2023 or 51% of the French-speaking population of the world, spread across 34 countries and territories.
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